Troubled by the tainted tomato scare, nearly half of Americans are concerned they may get sick from eating contaminated food and are avoiding items they normally would buy, an Associated Press-Ipsos poll has found.

Although three in four remain confident about the overall safety of foods, the poll found that consumers overwhelmingly support setting up a tracing system for produce in the wake of the salmonella outbreak first linked to tomatoes and, now, hot peppers.

Eighty-six percent said produce should be labeled so it can be tracked through layers of processors, packers and shippers, all the way back to the farm. The lack of such a system frustrated disease detectives working on the salmonella outbreak. Although federal officials lifted the tomato warning Thursday, the cause of the outbreak remains unknown.

The poll found that 80% of Americans said they would support new federal standards for fresh produce. Meat and poultry have long been subject to enforceable federal safeguards, but fruits and vegetables are not, although produce increasingly is being implicated in outbreaks.

Christy Taylor, a first-grade teacher from Sacramento, Calif., said she has all but given up on supermarket produce and is buying most of her fresh fruits and vegetables at the local farmers' market instead.

"I see the same farmers every single week," said Taylor, 30, the mother of 2-year-old twin girls. "You meet the people and you see where the (produce) is coming from."

Her twins love tomatoes, she said, and chomp on them as if they were apples. But until the mystery of the tainted tomatoes is solved, "I feel a little bit more comfortable, a little more safe, doing the local farmers' market," Taylor said.

In addition to the salmonella outbreak, this year has seen the largest ground beef recall in history, raising consumer concerns reflected in the poll.

Forty-six percent said they were worried they might get sick from eating contaminated food and that they have avoided foods because of safety warnings that they normally would have purchased. Twenty-nine% have thrown out food earlier than usual and 14% have returned food to the store.

Such a level of uneasiness among consumers is "very significant," said Michael R. Taylor, a former senior federal food safety official who now teaches at George Washington University.

"When you have almost half the population avoiding certain foods because of safety concerns, that's very significant from the standpoint of economic impact for the people selling the food, and from the standpoint of peace of mind for consumers," said Taylor. Tomato growers say they have lost more than $100 million as a result of the current salmonella outbreak, which has sickened more than 1,200 people in 42 states since April.

The poll also found gender, racial and economic gaps on attitudes about food safety. Women, who do most of the shopping, were more concerned than men. For example, 39% of men said they were "very confident" that the food they buy is safe, but only 23% of women said they felt that way. However, men and women agreed on the need for better federal oversight.

"We've got to protect our food supply," said Stephan Weiss, 58, of West Linn, Ore., who runs a small engraving and embroidery business. "And if more inspectors are going to prevent people from getting sick and dying, then it's worth it."

People with lower incomes were less confident in food safety, as were minorities. Nearly half of Hispanics had little or no confidence in the safety of the food they buy.

In Congress, a leading advocate of food safety reforms said the industry would do well to listen to consumers on the need for tracing.

"We live in an age of technology where you can bar-code a banana," said Sen. Richard Durbin, D-Ill. "We've got to work this through with the industry and come up with something that's reasonable. The more confidence consumers have, the more goods they will purchase."

While the produce industry agrees that federal standards for preventing contamination are necessary, there is no consensus on a mandatory tracing system. Cost is a concern, especially for smaller companies.

The poll also found that 56% of consumers do not believe the government has enough inspectors to scrutinize food imports. If more are needed for imports and domestic produce, 70% said the cost should be covered through fees on industry. That echoes a proposal by Rep. John Dingell, D-Mich., chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee.

The telephone poll of 1,000 adults was conducted July 10-14 and has a sampling error margin of plus or minus 3.1 percentage points for the overall sample.

由于受污染土豆驚嚇之困擾，近一半美國(guó)人擔(dān)心自己可能因食用受污染食物而致病，并避免購(gòu)買原來(lái)通常購(gòu)買的食物，這是來(lái)自美聯(lián)社益普索的一項(xiàng)研究之發(fā)現(xiàn)。

盡管四分之三的人仍然對(duì)整體食品安全問(wèn)題充滿信心，調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)消費(fèi)者壓倒性地支持建立跟蹤系統(tǒng)，在首次土豆沙門氏菌事件爆發(fā)后，現(xiàn)在又是紅辣椒。

86％的受訪者稱農(nóng)產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該貼標(biāo)簽，這樣才能夠進(jìn)行逐層追蹤，追溯處理者、包裝者、運(yùn)輸方，最后追蹤到農(nóng)場(chǎng)。此系統(tǒng)的缺失使得無(wú)法進(jìn)行土豆沙門氏菌爆發(fā)的疾病檢測(cè)。盡管聯(lián)邦政府官員周四提出土豆預(yù)警，而爆發(fā)事件的原因仍未可知。

調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)80％的美國(guó)人稱他們?cè)敢庵С中碌男迈r農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的新聯(lián)邦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。豬肉與牛肉受強(qiáng)制性聯(lián)邦保護(hù)措施管制，但水果和蔬菜均沒(méi)有相應(yīng)管制措施，而農(nóng)產(chǎn)品正越來(lái)越多地被發(fā)現(xiàn)流行性爆發(fā)。

加州Sacramento一級(jí)教師Christy Taylor說(shuō)，她現(xiàn)在差不多放棄了超市農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，轉(zhuǎn)而到地方農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)去購(gòu)買新鮮水果蔬菜。

“我每一周到同一些農(nóng)場(chǎng)去”，這位年紀(jì)30歲，作為兩歲雙胞胎女兒的母親Taylor說(shuō)。“你會(huì)見(jiàn)這些人并知道這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品來(lái)自哪兒。”

她的雙胞胎女兒鐘愛(ài)吃土豆，她說(shuō)，喜歡把土豆當(dāng)蘋果一樣咬來(lái)吃。但在污染土豆事件解決前，“我親自去農(nóng)場(chǎng)買東西，這樣我會(huì)感覺(jué)安穩(wěn)一些，安全一些。”她這樣說(shuō)。

調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，除沙門氏菌事件爆發(fā)，本年度再次發(fā)生歷史上最大的牛肉產(chǎn)品召回事件，進(jìn)一步引起消費(fèi)者強(qiáng)烈關(guān)注，

46％的受訪者稱他們擔(dān)心由于食用污染食品而致命，并稱由于安全警告，他們放棄了一些原來(lái)常常購(gòu)買的食品。29％的人會(huì)比以前提前扔掉食品，14％的人已把食品退還商店。

消費(fèi)者中這種不安程度非常嚴(yán)重，Michael R. Taylor說(shuō)，他是前聯(lián)邦食品安全官員，現(xiàn)在是喬治華盛頓大學(xué)老師。

“如果有近一半的人由于安全擔(dān)憂回避某些食品，站在銷售食品方來(lái)說(shuō)，經(jīng)濟(jì)影響非常嚴(yán)重，站在消費(fèi)者內(nèi)心安全的角度來(lái)看也是如此。”Taylor稱。土豆種植者稱，最近的土豆沙門氏菌事件使他們?cè)馐芰?億多美元的損失，沙門氏菌事件自四月以來(lái)已致使42個(gè)州內(nèi)的1200多人致病。

調(diào)查同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)食品安全問(wèn)題的態(tài)度，存在性別、種族與經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的差異。購(gòu)物最多的女性比男性更為關(guān)注。比如，39％的男性稱他們對(duì)所購(gòu)買的食品安全性很有信心，但只有23％的女性這樣覺(jué)得。不過(guò)，男性與女性一致同意需要進(jìn)行更好的聯(lián)邦監(jiān)察。

“我們必須保護(hù)我們的食品供應(yīng)”，來(lái)自West Linn, Ore的58歲的小型刺鄉(xiāng)廠業(yè)主Stephan Weiss說(shuō)。“而如果投入更多的檢測(cè)人員可以使人們免于生病甚至死亡，那么這都是值得的。”

低收入人群對(duì)食品安全信心較低，比如少數(shù)民族。近一半移民種族對(duì)所購(gòu)買的食品安全幾乎沒(méi)有信心。

國(guó)會(huì)中，一項(xiàng)有關(guān)食品安全的主要主張稱，行業(yè)將在跟蹤需要方面做好傾聽(tīng)消費(fèi)者心聲的工作。

“我們生活在一個(gè)科技時(shí)代，連一根香蕉也可以打上條形碼。”Sen. Richard Durbin, D-Ill說(shuō)。“我們應(yīng)該與行業(yè)一起完成這項(xiàng)工作，提出一些合理的東西。消費(fèi)者越有信心，才會(huì)購(gòu)買更多商品。”

盡管農(nóng)產(chǎn)品行業(yè)認(rèn)同防止污染的聯(lián)邦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是必要的，但沒(méi)有達(dá)成強(qiáng)制性跟蹤系統(tǒng)的共識(shí)。成本是一個(gè)考慮，尤其對(duì)小公司來(lái)說(shuō)。

調(diào)查還發(fā)現(xiàn)56％的消費(fèi)者不相信政府的監(jiān)測(cè)人員足夠進(jìn)行進(jìn)口食品的檢查。如果進(jìn)口與國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品需要更多監(jiān)測(cè)人員，70％的受訪者稱成本可以通過(guò)行業(yè)收費(fèi)解決。這個(gè)意見(jiàn)得到住宅能源與商業(yè)委員會(huì)主席Rep. John Dingell, D-Mich的回應(yīng)，為此提出了一個(gè)建議方案。

對(duì)1000名成年進(jìn)行的電話調(diào)查是7月10－14間進(jìn)行的，其樣本誤差為總樣本的（＋/－）3.1％。