economist 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家

socialist economy 社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)

capitalist economy 資本主義經(jīng)濟(jì)

collective economy 集體經(jīng)濟(jì)

planned economy 計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)

controlled economy 管制經(jīng)濟(jì)

rural economics 農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)

liberal economy 自由經(jīng)濟(jì)

mixed economy 混合經(jīng)濟(jì)

political economy 政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

protectionism 保護(hù)主義

autarchy 閉關(guān)自守

primary sector 初級(jí)成分

private sector 私營(yíng)成分,私營(yíng)部門(mén)

public sector 公共部門(mén),公共成分

economic channels 經(jīng)濟(jì)渠道

economic balance 經(jīng)濟(jì)平衡

economic fluctuation 經(jīng)濟(jì)波動(dòng)

economic depression 經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退

economic stability 經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定

economic policy 經(jīng)濟(jì)政策

economic recovery 經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)原

understanding 約定

concentration 集中

holding company 控股公司

trust 托拉斯

cartel 卡特爾

rate of growth 增長(zhǎng)

economic trend 經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢(shì)

economic situation 經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)

infrastructure 基本建設(shè)

standard of living 生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn),生活水平

purchasing power, buying power 購(gòu)買(mǎi)力

scarcity 短缺

stagnation 停滯,蕭條,不景氣

underdevelopment 不發(fā)達(dá)

underdeveloped 不發(fā)達(dá)的

developing 發(fā)展中的
 
initial capital 創(chuàng)辦資本

frozen capital 凍結(jié)資金

frozen assets 凍結(jié)資產(chǎn)

fixed assets 固定資產(chǎn)

real estate 不動(dòng)產(chǎn),房地產(chǎn)

circulating capital, working capital 流動(dòng)資本

available capital 可用資產(chǎn)

capital goods 資本貨物

reserve 準(zhǔn)備金,儲(chǔ)備金

calling up of capital 催繳資本

allocation of funds 資金分配

contribution of funds 資金捐獻(xiàn)

working capital fund 周轉(zhuǎn)基金

revolving fund 循環(huán)基金,周轉(zhuǎn)性基金

contingency fund 意外開(kāi)支,準(zhǔn)備金

reserve fund 準(zhǔn)備金

buffer fund 緩沖基金,平準(zhǔn)基金

sinking fund 償債基金

investment 投資,資產(chǎn)

investor 投資人

self-financing 自籌經(jīng)費(fèi),經(jīng)費(fèi)自給

bank 銀行

current account 經(jīng)常帳戶(hù) (美作:checking account)

current-account holder 支票帳戶(hù) (美作:checking-account holder)

cheque 支票 (美作:check)

bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無(wú)記名支票,來(lái)人支票

crossed cheque 劃線(xiàn)支票

traveller's cheque 旅行支票

chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)

endorsement 背書(shū)

transfer 轉(zhuǎn)讓,轉(zhuǎn)帳,過(guò)戶(hù)

money 貨幣

issue 發(fā)行

ready money 現(xiàn)錢(qián)

cash 現(xiàn)金

ready money business, no credit given 現(xiàn)金交易,概不賒欠

change 零錢(qián)

banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 (美作:bill)

to pay (in) cash 付現(xiàn)金

domestic currency, local currency] 本國(guó)貨幣

convertibility 可兌換性

convertible currencies 可自由兌換貨幣

exchange rate 匯率,兌換率

foreign exchange 外匯

floating exchange rate 浮動(dòng)匯率

free exchange rates 自由匯兌市場(chǎng)

foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券

hard currency 硬通貨

speculation 投機(jī)

saving 儲(chǔ)裝,存款

depreciation 減價(jià),貶值

devaluation (貨幣)貶值

revaluation 重估價(jià)

runaway inflation 無(wú)法控制的通貨膨脹

deflation 通貨緊縮

capital flight 資本外逃

securities business 證券市場(chǎng)

stock exchange 股票市場(chǎng)

stock exchange corporation 證券交易所

stock exchange 證券交易所,股票交易所

quotation 報(bào)價(jià),牌價(jià)

share 股份,股票

shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股東

dividend 股息,紅利

cash dividend 現(xiàn)金配股

stock investment 股票投資

investment trust 投資信托

stock-jobber 股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人

stock company, stock brokerage firm 證券公司

securities 有價(jià)證券

share, common stock 普通股

preference stock 優(yōu)先股

income gain 股利收入

issue 發(fā)行股票

par value 股面價(jià)格, 票面價(jià)格

bull 買(mǎi)手, 多頭

bear 賣(mài)手, 空頭

assigned 過(guò)戶(hù)

opening price 開(kāi)盤(pán)

closing price 收盤(pán)

hard times 低潮

business recession 景氣衰退

doldrums 景氣停滯

dull 盤(pán)整

ease 松弛

raising limit 漲停板

break 暴跌

bond, debenture 債券

Wall Street 華爾街
 
short term loan 短期貸款

long term loan 長(zhǎng)期貸款

medium term loan 中期貸款

lender 債權(quán)人

creditor 債權(quán)人

debtor 債務(wù)人,借方

borrower 借方,借款人

borrowing 借款

interest 利息

rate of interest 利率

discount 貼現(xiàn),折扣

rediscount 再貼現(xiàn)

annuity 年金

maturity 到期日,償還日

amortization 攤銷(xiāo),攤還,分期償付

redemption 償還

insurance 保險(xiǎn)

mortgage 抵押

allotment 撥款

short term credit 短期信貸

consolidated debt 合并債務(wù)

funded debt 固定債務(wù),長(zhǎng)期債務(wù)

floating debt 流動(dòng)債務(wù)

drawing 提款,提存

aid 援助

allowance, grant, subsidy 補(bǔ)貼,補(bǔ)助金,津貼

cost 成本,費(fèi)用

expenditure, outgoings 開(kāi)支,支出

fixed costs 固定成本

overhead costs 營(yíng)業(yè)間接成本

overheads 雜項(xiàng)開(kāi)支,間接成本

operating costs 生產(chǎn)費(fèi)用,營(yíng)業(yè)成本

operating expenses 營(yíng)業(yè)費(fèi)用

running expenses 日常費(fèi)用,經(jīng)營(yíng)費(fèi)用

miscellaneous costs 雜項(xiàng)費(fèi)用

overhead expenses 間接費(fèi)用,管理費(fèi)用

upkeep costs, maintenance costs 維修費(fèi)用,養(yǎng)護(hù)費(fèi)用

transport costs 運(yùn)輸費(fèi)用

social charges 社會(huì)負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用

contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費(fèi)用

apportionment of expenses 分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用

income 收入,收益

earnings 利潤(rùn),收益

gross income, gross earnings 總收入,總收益

gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,總利潤(rùn),利益毛額

net income 純收益,凈收入,收益凈額

average income 平均收入

national income 國(guó)民收入

profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤(rùn)率,贏利率

yield 產(chǎn)量收益,收益率

increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值

duty 稅

taxation system 稅制

taxation 征稅,納稅

fiscal charges 財(cái)務(wù)稅收

progressive taxation 累進(jìn)稅制

graduated tax 累進(jìn)稅

value added tax 增值稅

income tax 所得稅

land tax 地租,地價(jià)稅

excise tax 特許權(quán)稅

basis of assessment 估稅標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

taxable income 須納稅的收入

fiscality 檢查

tax-free 免稅的

tax exemption 免稅

taxpayer 納稅人

tax collector 收稅員
 
國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 GNP (Gross National Product)

人均國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值 per capita GNP

產(chǎn)值 output value

鼓勵(lì) give incentive to

投入 input

宏觀控制 exercise macro-control

優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu) optimize the economic structure

輸入活力 bring vigor into

改善經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境 improve economic environment

整頓經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序 rectify economic order

有效地控制通貨膨脹 effectively control inflation

非公有成分 non-public sectors

主要成分 dominant sector

實(shí)在的 tangible

全體會(huì)議 plenary session

解放生產(chǎn)力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces

引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley

舉措 move

實(shí)事求是 seek truth from facts

引進(jìn)、輸入 importation

和平演變 peaceful evolution

試一下 have a go (at sth.)

精華、精粹、實(shí)質(zhì) quintessence

家庭聯(lián)產(chǎn)責(zé)任承包制 family-contract responsibility system

搞活企業(yè) invigorate enterprises

商品經(jīng)濟(jì) commodity economy

基石 cornerstone

零售 retail

發(fā)電量 electric energy production

有色金屬 nonferrous metals

人均收入 per capita income

使負(fù)擔(dān) be saddled with

營(yíng)業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的公司 going concerns

被兼并或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business

善于接受的 receptive

增額、增值、增長(zhǎng) increment

發(fā)展過(guò)快 excessive growth

抽樣調(diào)查 data from the sample survey

扣除物價(jià)上漲部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)

實(shí)際增長(zhǎng)率 actual growth rate

國(guó)際收支 international balance of payments

流通制度 circulation system

總工資 total wages

分配形式 forms of distribution

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資金 risk funds

管理不善 poor management

農(nóng)業(yè) farming

林業(yè) forestry

畜牧業(yè) animal husbandry

副業(yè) sideline production

漁業(yè) fishing

第一產(chǎn)業(yè) primary industry

第二產(chǎn)業(yè) secondary industry

第三產(chǎn)業(yè) tertiary industry

生產(chǎn)資料 means of production

生活資料 means of livelihood/subsistence

生產(chǎn)關(guān)系 relations of production

生產(chǎn)力 productive forces

公有制 public ownership

私有制 private ownership

全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people

社會(huì)主義集體所有制 socialist collective ownership

厲行節(jié)約，反對(duì)浪費(fèi) to practice strict economy and combat waste

外資企業(yè) foreign-funded enterprise

合資企業(yè) joint venture

合作企業(yè) cooperative enterprise

獨(dú)資企業(yè) wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise

一個(gè)中心、兩個(gè)基本點(diǎn)one central task and two basic points

以經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)為中心，堅(jiān)持四項(xiàng)基本原則（1）社會(huì)主義道路（2）黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)（3）人民民主專(zhuān)政（4）馬列主義毛澤東思想、堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放

the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.

改革是“社會(huì)主義制度的自我完善和自我發(fā)展”。

Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."

我們辨別的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是看這樣做是否有利于發(fā)展社會(huì)主義的生產(chǎn)力，是否有利于增強(qiáng)社會(huì)主義國(guó)家的綜合國(guó)力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。

The criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.

社會(huì)主義的最終目標(biāo)是解放生產(chǎn)力，消滅剝削，消除貧富兩極分化，最終達(dá)到共同富裕。

The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.

要人們警惕右和“左”的影響，特別是“左”的根深蒂固的影響。

to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence.

中國(guó)要警惕右，但更要防“左”。

China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left"deviation.

資本主義和社會(huì)主義并不是以計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場(chǎng)的多少來(lái)劃分的。

Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.

隨著改革的深化，國(guó)家指令性計(jì)劃的范圍將會(huì)縮小，而市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)的范圍將會(huì)擴(kuò)大。

As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.

初步建立社會(huì)主義計(jì)劃商品經(jīng)濟(jì)新體制。

to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.

各盡所能，按勞/需分配。

from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs. 經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)改革。

reform in economic structure 剩余勞動(dòng)力。

surplus labor 經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制

operative mechanism 發(fā)揮市場(chǎng)的調(diào)節(jié)作用

to give play to the regulatory role of the market 經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律的杠桿

economic and legal leverages 經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃和市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合

to combine economic planning with market regulation

計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合的機(jī)制

a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation

取消國(guó)家對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的統(tǒng)購(gòu)統(tǒng)銷(xiāo)

to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products

改革重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移到城市

the focus of reform is shifted to the cities

國(guó)家的根本任務(wù)是，集中力量進(jìn)行社會(huì)主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)

The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.

逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、國(guó)防和科學(xué)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)代化，把我國(guó)建設(shè)成為富強(qiáng)、民主、文明的社會(huì)主義國(guó)家。

to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.

社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的基礎(chǔ)是生產(chǎn)資料的社會(huì)主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動(dòng)群眾集體所有制。

The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.

國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)，即社會(huì)主義全民所有制經(jīng)濟(jì)，是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的主導(dǎo)力量。

The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.

國(guó)家保障國(guó)有經(jīng)濟(jì)的鞏固和發(fā)展。

The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.
 
China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T.

中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)

National Council for US-China Trade 美中貿(mào)易全國(guó)理事會(huì)

Japan-China Economic Association 日中經(jīng)濟(jì)協(xié)會(huì)

Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)會(huì)

British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)

International Chamber of Commerce 國(guó)際商會(huì)

International Union of Marine Insurance 國(guó)際海洋運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)

International Alumina Association 國(guó)際鋁礬土協(xié)會(huì)

Universal Postal Union, UPU 萬(wàn)國(guó)郵政聯(lián)盟

Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 關(guān)稅合作理事會(huì)

United Nations Trade and Development Board 聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易與發(fā)展理事會(huì)

Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與開(kāi)發(fā)組織

European Economic Community, EEC, European Common Market 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體

European Free Trade Association, EFTA 歐洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟

European Free Trade Area, EFTA 歐洲自由貿(mào)易區(qū)

Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 經(jīng)濟(jì)互助委員會(huì)

Eurogroup 歐洲集團(tuán)

Group of Ten 十國(guó)集團(tuán)

Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十國(guó)委員會(huì)

Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎統(tǒng)籌委員會(huì)

Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Association, CARIFTA加勒比共同市場(chǎng)（加勒比自由貿(mào)易同盟）

Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市場(chǎng)

Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲自由貿(mào)易聯(lián)盟

Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市場(chǎng)

African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織

East African Common Market, EACM 東非共同市場(chǎng)

Central African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非關(guān)稅經(jīng)濟(jì)同盟

West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油輸出國(guó)組織

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油輸出國(guó)組織

Commonwealth Preference Area 英聯(lián)邦特惠區(qū)

Centre National du Commerce Exterieur, National Center of External Trade
法國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易中心

People's Bank of China 中國(guó)人民銀行

Bank of China 中國(guó)銀行

International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 國(guó)際復(fù)興開(kāi)發(fā)銀行

World Bank 世界銀行

International Development association, IDA 國(guó)際開(kāi)發(fā)協(xié)會(huì)

International Monetary Found Agreement 國(guó)際貨幣基金協(xié)定

International Monetary Found, IMF 國(guó)際貨幣基金組織

European Economic and Monetary Union 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)與貨幣同盟

European Monetary Cooperation Fund 歐洲貨幣合作基金

Bank for International Settlements, BIS 國(guó)際結(jié)算銀行

African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲開(kāi)發(fā)銀行

Export-Import Bank of Washington 美國(guó)進(jìn)出口銀行

National city Bank of New York 花旗銀行

American Oriental Banking Corporation 美豐銀行

American Express Co. Inc. 美國(guó)萬(wàn)國(guó)寶通銀行

The Chase Bank 大通銀行

Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美開(kāi)發(fā)銀行

European Investment Bank, EIB 歐洲投資銀行

Midland Bank,Ltd. 米蘭銀行

United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士聯(lián)合銀行

Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦銀行

Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 東京銀行

Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港匯豐銀行

International Finance Corporation, IFC 國(guó)際金融公司

La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同體

Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 聯(lián)合國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會(huì)理事會(huì)

United Nations Development Program, NUDP 聯(lián)合國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃署

United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 聯(lián)合國(guó)資本開(kāi)發(fā)基金

United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 聯(lián)合國(guó)工業(yè)發(fā)展組織

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)易與發(fā)展會(huì)議

Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 糧食與農(nóng)業(yè)組織, 糧農(nóng)組織

Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)

Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)

Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亞洲及遠(yuǎn)東經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)

Economic Commission for Western Asia, ECWA 西亞經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)

Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì)

Overseas Chinese Investment Company 華僑投資公司

New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 紐約證券交易所

London Stock Market 倫敦股票市場(chǎng)

Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波羅的海商業(yè)和航運(yùn)交易所