懷孕也要挑“吉日”
Season of conception tied to school performance

The time of year a woman conceives may influence the future academic performance of her child, according to research reported this week at the Pediatric Academic Societies' annual meeting.

When researchers linked standardized test scores of 1,667,391 Indiana students in grades 3 through 10 with the month in which each student had been conceived, they found that children conceived May through August scored significantly lower on math and language tests than children conceived during other months of the year.

The correlation between test scores and conception season held regardless of race, gender, and grade level.

Why might this be? According to Dr. Paul Winchester of Indiana University School of Medicine who led the study, the evidence points to environmental pesticides, used most often in the summer months, as a possible player.

The lower test scores correlated with higher levels of pesticides and nitrates in the surface water (nearby streams and other bodies of water) during that same time period, he told Reuters Health.

"Exposure to pesticides and nitrates can alter the hormonal milieu of the pregnant mother and the developing fetal brain," Winchester explained in a statement. For example, past research has linked exposure to pesticides and nitrates to low thyroid hormone levels ("hypothyroidism") in pregnant women and hypothyroidism in pregnancy has been tied to lower intelligence test scores in offspring.

While the current findings do not prove that pesticides and nitrates contribute to lower test scores, "they strongly support such a hypothesis," Winchester said.

"A priori there should be no reasons particularly why the month of conception should change your (test) scores," he added in an interview, "and yet from our chain of evidence our hypothesis was that if pesticides do alter the friendly environment of the developing fetus than that might be reflected in lower scores. And unfortunately that's what we found."

"There is something going on" and it needs to be studied further, Winchester concluded.

(CRI)
在本周舉行的"兒科學(xué)術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)年會(huì)"上，一項(xiàng)研究報(bào)告稱(chēng)，母親懷孕的月份可能會(huì)影響孩子以后的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)。

研究人員對(duì)印地安那州1,667,391名3到10年級(jí)學(xué)生的統(tǒng)一考試成績(jī)和他們的受孕月份進(jìn)行了相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，與其它月份受孕的孩子相比，5月至8月受孕的孩子的數(shù)學(xué)和語(yǔ)言成績(jī)要低得多。

考試成績(jī)與受孕季節(jié)這一相互關(guān)系不受種族、性別和年級(jí)的影響。

該如何解釋這一結(jié)論？本研究的帶頭人、印第安納大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的保羅·溫徹斯特博士說(shuō)，罪魁禍?zhǔn)子锌赡苁强諝庵械臍⑾x(chóng)劑，這些殺蟲(chóng)劑在夏季使用得比較多。

他在接受路透社健康部的采訪時(shí)說(shuō)，考試低分與地表水（附近的小溪和其它水體）中含量過(guò)高的殺蟲(chóng)劑和硝酸鹽有關(guān)。

溫徹斯特解釋說(shuō)，"接觸殺蟲(chóng)劑和硝酸鹽會(huì)使孕婦體內(nèi)的荷爾蒙環(huán)境發(fā)生改變，從而影響胎兒的大腦發(fā)育。"比如，以往的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孕婦體內(nèi)甲狀腺激素含量低（甲狀腺機(jī)能減退）與接觸殺蟲(chóng)劑和硝酸鹽有關(guān)，而懷孕期間甲狀腺機(jī)能減退又與孩子智商低有關(guān)。

盡管目前的研究不能證明殺蟲(chóng)劑和硝酸鹽導(dǎo)致考試低分，但是，溫徹斯特說(shuō)，"它們?yōu)檫@一假設(shè)提供了有力的支持。"

他在采訪中補(bǔ)充道，"我們是這樣推理的，既然沒(méi)有特別的原因來(lái)解釋受孕的月份影響考試成績(jī)這件事，那么根據(jù)一系列的證據(jù)，我們假設(shè)如果殺蟲(chóng)劑確實(shí)影響胎兒成長(zhǎng)的良好環(huán)境，那么這種影響也許會(huì)導(dǎo)致考試低分。不幸的是，這正是我們通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的。"

溫徹斯特最后總結(jié)到，"這其中還有一些影響因素"有待進(jìn)一步的研究。