Being overweight or seriously underweight as a teenager curbs life expectancy as much as smoking 10 cigarettes a day, a study suggests.

Swedish researchers followed 46,000 men from the age of 18 for 38 years.

Being obese or smoking more than 10 a day doubled the premature death risk, the British Medical Journal reported.

Being overweight, seriously underweight or smoking 10 or less raised it by 30% - and interestingly the fat non-smoker ran the same risk as the fat smoker.

Being overweight or obese at the age of 18 increases the risk of premature death, regardless of smoking status
Dr Martin Neovius

Those who were underweight - with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of less than 18.5 - had no increased risk of dying early, regardless of whether they smoked or not.

But the team from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden found that those who were seriously underweight - with a BMI of 17 or less - ran the same risk as those who were overweight.

They looked at 45,920 men born between 1949 and 1951 who were military conscripts. In this period as few as 3% of Swedish men were exempt from military service.

Nearly 3,000 of the participants died - with the incidence of death lowest in the normal weight category.

"Compared to normal weight adolescents, being overweight at the age of 18 increased the risk of premature death by just over a third, while being obese more than doubled the risk," the team, led by Dr Martin Neovius, wrote.

And this risk increased regardless of smoking status, they added.

BODY MASS INDEX
Calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in metres squared
Normal: 18.5 - 24.9
Overweight: 25 - 29.9
Obese: Above 30

Calculate your BMI

Dr Ian Campbell, of the charity Weight Concern, said the findings were "very interesting".

"When patients who are overweight and smoke ask what they should work on first, we've always said smoking as the wisdom has always been that this poses more health risks - yet this study suggests otherwise."

Betty McBride, of the British Heart Foundation, said: "The government need to bring the same level of sustained focus to tackling the obesity crisis it has previously brought to smoking."

"The number of young people who are overweight and obese is growing. Without tackling this now we risk the next generation growing up with more health problems than their parents."

一項(xiàng)研究證明：作為一個(gè)十幾歲的青少年體重超重或嚴(yán)重不足平均就如人每天吸10支煙一樣，壽命都會(huì)受到限制。

瑞典研究人員密切關(guān)注從18歲~38歲的4,600的人。

英國(guó)的醫(yī)學(xué)雜志報(bào)道，目前肥胖者或每天吸煙超過(guò)10支的人過(guò)早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加一倍。

體重超重或嚴(yán)重不足者或每天吸10支或少于10支煙的人上升了30 ％ -而有趣的是肥胖非吸煙者與肥胖吸煙者有著相同的早起死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

這些體重不足-即體重指數(shù)（ BMI ）小于18.5，不論他們吸煙與否，都沒(méi)有增加早期死亡危險(xiǎn)。

但來(lái)自瑞典卡羅林斯卡研究院的團(tuán)體發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些體重嚴(yán)重不足-即體重指數(shù)小于等于17的人-和那些體重超重的人有著相同的過(guò)早死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

他們研究了45,920名生于1949年和1951年之間的應(yīng)征士兵。在此期間，只有3 ％的瑞典男子被免除兵役。近3000人死亡-是正常體重的最低死亡發(fā)生率。

“比起正常體重的青少年，體重超重的18歲青少年過(guò)早死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比其增加超過(guò)1/3，同時(shí)嚴(yán)重肥胖者更是增加了一倍以上危險(xiǎn)。 ”我們的研究組博士Neovius 寫(xiě)道。

他們補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，不管你是否吸煙，肥胖者的過(guò)早死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都會(huì)增加。

慈善重量機(jī)構(gòu)的坎貝爾博士說(shuō)，調(diào)查結(jié)果“非常有趣” 。

“當(dāng)肥胖的吸煙病人問(wèn)他們應(yīng)首先做些什么，我們總是說(shuō)，吸煙一直被明確地認(rèn)為會(huì)造成更大的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)-然而，這一研究表明并非如此。 ”

英國(guó)心臟基金會(huì)貝蒂賴德說(shuō)： “政府必須在關(guān)注吸煙對(duì)人體帶來(lái)過(guò)早死亡危機(jī)之前同樣地持續(xù)關(guān)注肥胖問(wèn)題，以解決肥胖危機(jī)。 ”

“青年人中體重超重和嚴(yán)重肥胖者的數(shù)字不斷增加。如果現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有解決這個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，我們的下一代成長(zhǎng)比起他們的父母將會(huì)出現(xiàn)更多的健康問(wèn)題。 ”